Give Thanks to the Lord Black and White Clip Art

Fifth alphabetic character of the Latin alphabet

Due east
Due east eastward
(See below)
Usage
Writing system	Latin script
Type	Alphabetic
Linguistic communication of origin	Latin linguistic communication
Phonetic usage	[e] [e̞] [ɛ] [ə] [ɪ~i] [ɘ] [ʲe] [h] (English language variations)
Unicode codepoint	U+0045, U+0065
Alphabetical position	5
History
Evolution	Ε ε ϵ 𐌄 East e
Fourth dimension menses	c. 700 BC to present
Descendants	♯ Ə Æ Œ € ℮ Ǝ ∈ ℯ ℇ ℰ ℥ &
Sisters	Е Э Є Ё Ә Һ ה ه ܗ Ɛ Ե ե Է է Ը ը ࠄ 𐎅 Ⲉ
Variations	(Encounter below)
Other
Other letters unremarkably used with	ee
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the stardom between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

E, or e, is the 5th letter and the second vowel letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is e (pronounced ); plural ees,^[1] Es or E's.^[2] It is the most commonly used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English language, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish.^{[3] [iv] [5] [6] [7]}

History

Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ	Proto-Sinaitic	Proto-Canaanite hillul	Phoenician He	Etruscan Due east	Greek Epsilon	Latin/ Cyrillic E

The Latin letter 'E' differs picayune from its source, the Greek letter epsilon, 'Ε'. This in plow comes from the Semitic letter hê, which has been suggested to have started as a praying or calling human figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was about probable based on a similar Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a different pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter of the alphabet represented /h/ (and /e/ in foreign words); in Greek, hê became the letter epsilon, used to represent /e/. The diverse forms of the Old Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.

Use in writing systems

Pronunciation of the name of the letter ⟨e⟩ in European languages

English

Although Middle English spelling used ⟨e⟩ to represent long and brusk /e/, the Great Vowel Shift changed long /eː/ (as in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while brusk /ɛ/ (equally in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the letter of the alphabet is silent, generally at the end of words like queue.

Other languages

In the orthography of many languages information technology represents either [east], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such as a nasalized version) of these sounds, often with diacritics (every bit: ⟨e ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to indicate contrasts. Less commonly, as in French, High german, or Saanich, ⟨east⟩ represents a mid-central vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨e⟩ are mutual to indicate either diphthongs or monophthongs, such as ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English language, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨european union⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in German.

Other systems

The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨eastward⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid front unrounded vowel.

Most common letter of the alphabet

'E' is the most common (or highest-frequency) alphabetic character in the English language alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and information compression. In the story "The Gold-Problems" by Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random grapheme lawmaking past remembering that the almost used alphabetic character in English is E. This makes information technology a hard and popular letter to employ when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright'southward Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at least part of Wright's narrative bug were caused past language limitations imposed past the lack of E."^[8] Both Georges Perec's novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English language translation by Gilbert Adair omit 'e' and are considered better works.^[9]

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

• E with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ^[10]
• ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet^[11]
• Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
• Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
• The umlaut diacritic ¨ used above a vowel letter in German and other languages to signal a fronted or front vowel (this sign originated as a superscript e)
• Phonetic alphabet symbols related to E (the International Phonetic Alphabet but uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems):
  • Ɛ ɛ : Latin alphabetic character epsilon / open up e, which represents an open-mid forepart unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ᶓ : Epsilon / open e with retroflex claw^[x]
  • Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter of the alphabet reversed epsilon / open east, which represents an open-mid fundamental unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ɝ : Latin small letter reversed epsilon / open e with hook, which represents a rhotacized open-mid central vowel in the IPA
  • ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open due east with retroflex claw^[10]
  • ᶟ : Modifier letter small reversed epsilon / open due east^[10]
  • ɞ : Latin small alphabetic character airtight reversed open up eastward, which represents an open-mid central rounded vowel in IPA (shown as ʚ on the 1993 IPA chart)
  • Ə ə : Latin alphabetic character schwa, which represents a mid cardinal vowel in the IPA
  • Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter of the alphabet turned e, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
  • ɘ : Latin alphabetic character reversed eastward, which represents a close-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
• The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses diverse forms of e and epsilon / open up due east:^[12]
  • U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN LETTER Small CAPITAL E
  • U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN Pocket-size Letter TURNED Open up Due east
  • U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER LETTER Capital letter E
  • U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet CAPITAL REVERSED E
  • U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet SMALL Due east
  • U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER Letter SMALL Open up East
  • U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER Alphabetic character Pocket-size TURNED OPEN E
  • U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN Letter of the alphabet SMALL Capital TURNED Eastward ^[13]
• _e : Subscript minor due east is used in Indo-European studies^[14]
• Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to E:^[15]
  • U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN Pocket-size Letter BLACKLETTER Due east
  • U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN Modest Letter of the alphabet BARRED E
  • U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN Pocket-size Alphabetic character E WITH FLOURISH

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

• 𐤄 : Semitic alphabetic character He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
  • Ε ε : Greek letter Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
    • Е е : Cyrillic alphabetic character Ye
    • Є є : Ukrainian Ye
    • Э э : Cyrillic alphabetic character E
    • Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic letter Ei
    • 𐌄 : Old Italic E, which is the ancestor of modern Latin E
      • ᛖ : Runic letter Ehwaz, which is maybe a descendant of Old Italic E
    • 𐌴 : Gothic letter eyz

Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations

• € : Euro sign.
• ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for auction within the European Union).
• eastward : the symbol for the elementary charge (the electric charge carried past a unmarried proton)
• ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. It is read "there exists ... such that".
• ∈ : the symbol for fix membership in set up theory.
• 𝑒 : the base of operations of the natural logarithm.

Code points

Character data

Preview	E		e
Unicode name	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E		LATIN Modest LETTER East
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	69	U+0045	101	U+0065
UTF-8	69	45	101	65
Numeric grapheme reference	E	E	e	e
EBCDIC family unit	197	C5	133	85
ASCII 1	69	45	101	65

¹ Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'e' is signed by extending the index finger of the right hand touching the tip of index on the left hand, with all fingers of left hand open up.

Use every bit a number

In the hexadecimal (base of operations xvi) numbering system, Eastward is a number that corresponds to the number xiv in decimal (base of operations 10) counting.

References

1. ^ "East" a letter of the alphabet Merriam-Webster's 3rd New International Dictionary of the English language Language Unabridged (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is rendered Eastward's, Es, e's, or eastsouthward.
2. ^ "E". Oxford Dictionary of English language (third ed.). Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN9780199571123. noun (plural Es or E's)
3. ^ Kelk, Brian. "Letter frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
4. ^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Plain text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Central Higher. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
5. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Spanish". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
6. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Messages in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
7. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Messages in German". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
8. ^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Trip the light fantastic: Recreational Word Play. New York: St. Martin's Press (1996): 3
9. ^ Eckler (1996): iii. Perec's novel "was and so well written that at least some reviewers never realized the existence of a letter constraint."
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
11. ^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
12. ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
13. ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding iii Additional Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
14. ^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
15. ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-xi. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .

External links

thowsupothis.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E

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